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Tom Campbell Clark (September 23, 1899June 13, 1977) was United States Attorney General from 1945 to 1949 and an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1949 to 1967. ==Early life and career== Clark was born in Dallas, Texas, on September 23, 1899, to son of Virginia Maxey (née Falls), and William Henry Clark.〔(Ancestry of Ramsey Clark )〕 A graduate of Dallas High School,〔Rumbley, Rose-Mary. ''A Century of Class''. Austin TX: Eakin Press, 1984.〕 he served as a Texas National Guard infantryman in 1918; afterward he studied law, receiving his law degree from the University of Texas School of Law in 1922. He was a brother of Delta Tau Delta fraternity, and later served as their international president. He set up a law practice in his home town of Dallas from 1922 to 1937, but left private practice for a period to serve as civil district attorney for the city from 1927 to 1932.〔(Biography of Tom C. Clark ) from the Federal Judicial Center.〕 Clark, a Democrat, joined the Justice Department in 1937 as a special assistant to the U.S. attorney general, working in the war risk litigation section. He later moved to the antitrust division, then run by legendary trust-buster Thurman Arnold, and in 1940 was sent to head up the department’s west coast antitrust office. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor the following year, Clark was named by Attorney General Francis Biddle as the Civilian Coordinator of the Alien Enemy Control Program. In this capacity he worked with General John DeWitt, the head of West Coast military forces, as well as his future Supreme Court colleague Earl Warren, who was then attorney general of California, and other top federal and state officials in the lead up to the internment of Japanese Americans. The initial actions involved enforcement of policies to exclude Japanese Americans from areas designated by the military as prohibited, followed by evacuation from “critical zones and areas,” and finally by forcible relocation to prison camps.〔Alexander Wohl, ''Father, Son and Constitution - How Justice Tom Clark and Attorney General Ramsey Clark Shaped American Democracy'' (University Press of Kansas 2013), 32-40〕 Clark was not directly involved with the relocation of Japanese Americans to internment camps, having been reassigned to Washington in May 1942,〔Wohl, Father, Son and Constitution, 41〕 although he later acknowledged that the government’s relocation program was a mistake 〔Tom C. Clark, Preface to Frank F. Chuman, ''The Bamboo People: The La and Japanese Americans'' (Del Mar, Cal.; Publisher’s Inc. 1976), vii.〕 In 1943, Clark was promoted to Assistant Attorney General for Antitrust, and subsequently became the head of the Justice Department’s Criminal Division. Clark also was appointed to head up a new War Frauds unit created to investigate and prosecute corruption by government contractors. During this period he worked closely with, and befriended Harry Truman, whose Truman Committee was investigating war frauds.〔Wohl, ''Father, Son and Constitution'', 50-56〕 One prominent case Clark was involved with during this period included the prosecution of two German spies who came ashore from a German submarine in 1944 to the East Coast of the United States. One, William Colepaugh, was an American citizen, while the other, Erich Gimpel, was a native German. The prosecution took place before a military tribunal on Governor’s Island in New York, only the third such military trial in the nation’s history.〔"Testimony Closes at Spy Trial Here," ''New York Times'', June 12, 1945〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tom C. Clark」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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